<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gorica Popova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katerina Boskovska</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivana Arnaudova-Danevska</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olga Smilevska-Spasova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tatjana Jakovska</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sputum Quality Assessment Regarding Sputum Culture for Diagnosing Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Open Access Maced J Med Sci</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6684435/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;st1&quot; class=&quot;sec sec-first&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;st1title&quot;&gt;BACKGROUND:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;p p-first-last&quot;&gt;The clinical relevance of specimens from the lower airways is often debatable. However, they are most commonly examined for diagnosing lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;st2&quot; class=&quot;sec&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;st2title&quot;&gt;AIM:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;p p-first-last&quot;&gt;This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of sputum quality assessment about sputum culture for diagnosing LRTIs in children.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;st3&quot; class=&quot;sec&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;st3title&quot;&gt;METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;p p-first-last&quot;&gt;In six months, a total of 1485 sputum samples were quality assessed by using Bartlett’s grading system. All samples, regardless of their quality, were cultured, identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;st4&quot; class=&quot;sec&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;st4title&quot;&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;p p-first-last&quot;&gt;Among the acceptable category, defined by Bartlett’s grading system, 132 (63.2%) samples showed culture positivity of which&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;48 (36.4%) was most commonly isolated, followed by&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Moraxella catarrhalis&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;22 (16.7%) and&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Haemophilus influenza&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;21 (15.9%). Among the non-acceptable category, 185 (14.5%) samples were culture positive of which most commonly isolated were&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;with 64 (34.6%), 54 (29.2%) and 28 (15.1%), respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;st5&quot; class=&quot;sec sec-last&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;st5title&quot;&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;p p-first-last&quot;&gt;Sputum quality assessment is a useful tool for distinguishing the true respiratory pathogens from possible colonising flora for which antibiotic treatment should not be highly considered.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;sec&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;kwd-title&quot;&gt;Keywords:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kwd-text&quot;&gt;Sputum culture, Quality assessment,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue></record></records></xml>