Publications

Background: The problem of venous ulcers and chronic venous insufficiency is quite common in dermatological clinics. Every day, we face challenges regarding treatment and prognosis. As the patients are more often over fifty years of age, with more comorbidities, and at the very beginning of treatment, we already have an idea of how the entire process of epithelization of the ulcers may take place. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 patients with chronic venous insufficiency and venous ulcers were included in the study. Each was followed for more than twelve weeks. Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and thrombophlebitis were analyzed separately. Results: Patients with an ulcer closure time of twelve weeks and longer had a high blood pressure more often. Diabetics with venous ulcers on the lower extremities more often had delayed ulcer healing. A statistically significant difference was confirmed in the distribution of the patients with and without thrombophlebitis. Conclusion: The existence of comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and thrombosis, may affect the healing process of venous ulcers, yet thrombosis proved to be the most important factor. Key words: Venous Ulcers; Diabetes Mellitus; Thrombosis; Hypertension

Introduction: Thrombophilia is a condition of increased possibility of thrombs formation. Due to hormonal changes and the fetus in pregnant women there is an increased risk of thrombosis, in combination with thrombophilia can lead to fetal loss. Selective thrombophilia screening based on previous personal and/or family history of venous thromboembolism is cost-effective and can prevent some complications like fetal loss, and gestational complications. Case Report: We are presenting two pregnant women with family history of thrombosis and venous disease and previously gestational complications. Discussion: Patients without a personal history of venous disease but with a family history of the same, and with complications of pregnancy in the form of miscarriage, IUGR and stillbirth, should be examined. Screening in these women will help prevent further complications. Conclusion: From our experience we can conclude that in women with complications in pregnancy and a positive history of venous disease should be considered into account the existence of thrombophilia. Diagnosing early also means starting thromboprophylaxis sooner which lead to increasing better maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Introduction: Hair loss in women is much rarer compared to the male field. Due to the accepted social norms for the appearance of a woman, where she is expected to have thick and long hair, women who have a problem with hair loss face a much bigger problem than what is visible at first glance. Case report: We present 3 cases of women with hair loss, aged from 28 to 37 years. They all complain of increased hair loss and thinning of the central scalp. We decided to try the treatment which consists of 3 mesotherapies and 3 PRP hair treatments. Disscusion: Hair loss can be the result of heredity, hormonal changes, medical conditions or a normal part of aging. Mesotherapy can help to reduce hair fall and treat hair loss problems with advanced and minimally-invasive methods. PRP is an excellent treatment for impaired hair growth. Conclusion: This combination of treatments is completely safe for the patients, with minimal side effects. We obtained satisfactory results in all three patients.

Background: The biggest challenge in patients with chronic venous insufficiency is venous ulcers that occur in stage 6 of the CEAP classification. In general, acute ulcers have a 71–80% chance of healing, while chronic ulcers only have a 22% chance of healing. Our clinical practice has shown that patients diagnosed with peripheral arterial occlusive disease have a much longer duration of the disease and a more difficult treatment of venous ulcers than patients with normal arterial circulation. Materials and Methods: The study included 105 patients with CVI and a developed leg ulcer. Among these, twenty patients were diagnosed with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. All patients were followed for more than twelve weeks. Results: Peripheral arterial occlusive disease was significantly more common in patients with delayed healing than in patients with normal venous ulcer healing: 18 (30%) vs. 2 (4.4%). for twelve weeks or longer, and it was statistically significant for p = 0.00097. Conclusion: Peripheral arterial occlusive disease has been shown to be an important indicator of venous epithelial wound healing. The establishment of good arterial circulation is closely related to the course of treatment of chronic venous ulcers.

Electrochemically converting carbon dioxide into useful products is a promising approach to combat climate change by reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and promoting a sustainable carbon cycle. The operation of membrane electrode assemblies within gas diffusion cells facilitates the efficient reduction of CO2 at rates relevant to industrial applications. However, their long-term stability is often limited by formation of solid precipitates in the cathode pores. This is a consequence of a combination of 1) local alkalization due to the electrochemical reaction, 2) generation of (bi)carbonate by chemical reaction of CO2 with the alkaline electrolyte, and 3) the presence of alkali metal cations. In catholyte-free, zero-gap cells using anion exchange membranes, the presence of electrolyte cations at the cathode is the result of unintended crossover from the anolyte, and a detailed understanding of the factors enabling this crossover is lacking. Here we show that the anolyte concentration governs the flux of cation migration through the membrane, and this substantially influences the behaviours of copper catalysts in catholyte-free CO2 electrolyzers. Our findings highlight the substantial impact of cation effects, including unintended crossover, even in catholyte-free cells, on reaction pathways. This aspect should be considered in the future development of catalysts and devices. As an outlook a more in-depth knowledge with the help of operando measurements could help to understand and manage cation crossover for optimizing the performance, selectivity, and durability of these electrochemical systems.

Language as a sign system can be discussed in terms of articulation i.e. exposing the matter of the sound system as its material formulation. In that sense language can be researched in terms of Phonetics - the sounds, accent, intonation as its material side and Phonology i.e. the sounds and their functionalrole in the language system. Phonetics and Phonology are two different sciences whereas Phonetics is considered as a helping linguistic discipline which is about the sound notions of the word apart from their linguistic function which is discussed further in Morphology, Syntax and Semantics. Phoneticsdoes not deal with the sound complex and its meaning but the material side of the sounds and human speech i.e. the physiological description of the sounds.Within every foreign language learning and teaching, the pronunciation i.e. the speaking skill is essential. In order to improve English language pronunciation, one needs to acquire the rules of Phonetics and Phonology that deal with the sounds, their physical properties and the relationship of sounds andmeaning along with the phonetic transcription.Key words: English language, pronunciation, Phonetics, Phonology, IPA.