Background: The problem of venous ulcers and chronic venous insufficiency is quite common in dermatological clinics. Every day, we face challenges regarding treatment and prognosis. As the patients are more often over fifty years of age, with more comorbidities, and at the very beginning of treatment, we already have an idea of how the entire process of epithelization of the ulcers may take place. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 patients with chronic venous insufficiency and venous ulcers were included in the study. Each was followed for more than twelve weeks. Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and thrombophlebitis were analyzed separately. Results: Patients with an ulcer closure time of twelve weeks and longer had a high blood pressure more often. Diabetics with venous ulcers on the lower extremities more often had delayed ulcer healing. A statistically significant difference was confirmed in the distribution of the patients with and without thrombophlebitis. Conclusion: The existence of comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and thrombosis, may affect the healing process of venous ulcers, yet thrombosis proved to be the most important factor. Key words: Venous Ulcers; Diabetes Mellitus; Thrombosis; Hypertension
Introduction: Thrombophilia is a condition of increased possibility of thrombs formation. Due to hormonal changes and the fetus in pregnant women there is an increased risk of thrombosis, in combination with thrombophilia can lead to fetal loss. Selective thrombophilia screening based on previous personal and/or family history of venous thromboembolism is cost-effective and can prevent some complications like fetal loss, and gestational complications. Case Report: We are presenting two pregnant women with family history of thrombosis and venous disease and previously gestational complications. Discussion: Patients without a personal history of venous disease but with a family history of the same, and with complications of pregnancy in the form of miscarriage, IUGR and stillbirth, should be examined. Screening in these women will help prevent further complications. Conclusion: From our experience we can conclude that in women with complications in pregnancy and a positive history of venous disease should be considered into account the existence of thrombophilia. Diagnosing early also means starting thromboprophylaxis sooner which lead to increasing better maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Introduction: Hair loss in women is much rarer compared to the male field. Due to the accepted social norms for the appearance of a woman, where she is expected to have thick and long hair, women who have a problem with hair loss face a much bigger problem than what is visible at first glance. Case report: We present 3 cases of women with hair loss, aged from 28 to 37 years. They all complain of increased hair loss and thinning of the central scalp. We decided to try the treatment which consists of 3 mesotherapies and 3 PRP hair treatments. Disscusion: Hair loss can be the result of heredity, hormonal changes, medical conditions or a normal part of aging. Mesotherapy can help to reduce hair fall and treat hair loss problems with advanced and minimally-invasive methods. PRP is an excellent treatment for impaired hair growth. Conclusion: This combination of treatments is completely safe for the patients, with minimal side effects. We obtained satisfactory results in all three patients.
Background: The biggest challenge in patients with chronic venous insufficiency is venous ulcers that occur in stage 6 of the CEAP classification. In general, acute ulcers have a 71–80% chance of healing, while chronic ulcers only have a 22% chance of healing. Our clinical practice has shown that patients diagnosed with peripheral arterial occlusive disease have a much longer duration of the disease and a more difficult treatment of venous ulcers than patients with normal arterial circulation. Materials and Methods: The study included 105 patients with CVI and a developed leg ulcer. Among these, twenty patients were diagnosed with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. All patients were followed for more than twelve weeks. Results: Peripheral arterial occlusive disease was significantly more common in patients with delayed healing than in patients with normal venous ulcer healing: 18 (30%) vs. 2 (4.4%). for twelve weeks or longer, and it was statistically significant for p = 0.00097. Conclusion: Peripheral arterial occlusive disease has been shown to be an important indicator of venous epithelial wound healing. The establishment of good arterial circulation is closely related to the course of treatment of chronic venous ulcers.
Abstract
Coloboma of the uvea is a relatively rare ophthalmic entity, which occurs as a result of a disturbance in the process of closing the embryonic optic fissure. It can be hereditary, sporadic or part of systemic syndromes. Each of the structures of the uveal tract, alone or together, unilaterally or bilaterally, can have the presence of a coloboma. In this paper, we describe the case of a 9-year-old girl with bilateral coloboma and accompanying ectrodactyly of the lower limbs, probably as part of a syndrome - Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft syndrome. The patient is regularly monitored with biomicroscopic and funduscopic examination supplemented with posterior optical coherence tomography and perimetry, with the aim of timely recognition of possible ophthalmic complications.
Keywords: coloboma, uvea, ectrodactyly, congenital malformation
Electrochemically converting carbon dioxide into useful products is a promising approach to combat climate change by reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and promoting a sustainable carbon cycle.
The operation of membrane electrode assemblies within gas diffusion cells facilitates the efficient reduction of CO2 at rates relevant to industrial applications. However, their long-term stability is often limited by formation of solid precipitates in the cathode pores. This is a consequence of a combination of 1) local alkalization due to the electrochemical reaction, 2) generation of (bi)carbonate by chemical reaction of CO2 with the alkaline electrolyte, and 3) the presence of alkali metal cations. In catholyte-free, zero-gap cells using anion exchange membranes, the presence of electrolyte cations at the cathode is the result of unintended crossover from the anolyte, and a detailed understanding of the factors enabling this crossover is lacking. Here we show that the anolyte concentration governs the flux of cation migration through the membrane, and this substantially influences the behaviours of copper catalysts in catholyte-free CO2 electrolyzers.
Our findings highlight the substantial impact of cation effects, including unintended crossover, even in catholyte-free cells, on reaction pathways. This aspect should be considered in the future development of catalysts and devices. As an outlook a more in-depth knowledge with the help of operando measurements could help to understand and manage cation crossover for optimizing the performance, selectivity, and durability of these electrochemical systems.
Giftedness is a concept that often provokes discussions and a concept that cannot be easily and simplydefined. There is still no concrete definition that will describe giftedness in its entirety. Gifted students and theirteaching have always been interesting for analysis by those involved in education. However, one of the basicproblems in the teaching process in our schools is the still present traditional method of learning and teaching, whichdoes not allow a different approach to the differences that are visible among students despite the commitments thatare written on paper.The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe has adopted Decree 1248 of 1994, which reaffirms educationas a basic human right, and believes that education should, to the greatest extent, suit each individual. Theeducational system must be organized in such a way as to provide adequate education for a larger number ofchildren, but there will always be children with special programs. One group of such children are exceptionalchildren. According to this Decree, no country can allow itself to waste the gifted and talented, and not to identifyintellectual and other potential in time because this would mean the loss of its own human resources.The education and upbringing of gifted students become a problem within the framework of mass education andglobalization. Gifted students have special abilities in certain areas, but most of the time are not engaged in the rightway. In addition to this, excessive teaching content, and overloading of students within subjects leads to fatigue,self-doubt and loss of motivation.In this paper, we want to analyze the existing legal procedures and opportunities for working with such students, andthe possibility of their identification and evaluation. That is, let’s see the condition of such students as well as theirtreatment in schools and the opportunities offered by the educational process in the Republic of North Macedoniaand see if there is or is not a sufficiently operationalized system of measures, activities, procedures that are aimed atthe gifted and talented students.Keywords: gifted students, primary education, condition